Watershed Symposium 2024

Great Salt Lake is shrinking, yet cities along the Wasatch Front and in the lake's drainage basin continue to grow unabated. Both the lake and cities need water to prosper, setting up an existential crisis. Is it possible for the needs of the lake AND Utah's growing population to be met? The answer is YES, and this presentation will explore how.

Full Abstract:
In a world experiencing rapid population growth and limited water supplies, many cities have successfully eliminated the need to develop additional supplies as their population grows. This is known in academic circles as “decoupling” or breaking the traditional link between urban water demand and population growth. Successfully decoupling municipal and industrial (M&I) water demand from population growth has allowed these cities to continue to grow and prosper despite diminishing water availability and climate change stresses. In order for Utah to continue to grow and not cause further harm to the GSL and other aquatic ecosystems, Utah’s communities need to follow the proven decoupling model. This presentation will explore successful examples of decoupling in the Southwestern United States and assess how cities in Utah measure up and what needs to be done to ensure a bright future for all who rely on the state’s precious water resources.

Ever wondered how social media trends could enhance your watershed conservation or management efforts? This session is designed for natural resource professionals interested in harnessing the power of social media to boost their impact. We’ll explore how to create engaging content that converts followers into your biggest supporters.

Full Abstract:
It’s 2024, and everywhere we look there’s a new TikTok dance and Instagram trend and we’re left wondering – how does any of this relate to the important work we’re doing in our watershed? In a time where digital engagement shapes public perception and drives action, it’s more important than ever to have a strong brand identity online. Social media has revolutionized the way we communicate with volunteers, donors, stakeholders, and the public. Through social media, we have the opportunity to engage diverse audiences, raise awareness, and drive actionable change to conserve our watershed. This presentation explores the strategic approaches any individual, organization, or agency can take to leverage the power of social media to increase the awareness of your work in the watershed, build trust, and further your mission. This presentation also explores how “viral” content can help build up your community. We explore case studies from popular digital campaigns (including our own!) that have effectively led to real-world impacts in our watershed. We will look into the key elements that contribute to successful social planning, including compelling storytelling, visual appeal, and audience engagement strategies. This presentation will provide practical insights on creating content that resonates with our unique online audiences and sparks viral momentum. Attendees will learn about the importance of tracking digital analytics to tailor campaigns to best succeed, while addressing the challenges of social media – capacity, managing misinformation, addressing negative feedback, and maintaining brand authenticity. By diving into the current trends, we will illustrate how your teams can design and execute social media campaigns. Attendees will leave with actionable strategies to enhance their social media presence, foster meaningful connection, and ultimately create a community that is more engaged on the resources and issues in our watershed.

How much water is Utah actually delivering to the imperiled Great Salt Lake? Are we heading toward a healthy Lake or costly mitigation? In this workshop, we explore a new report showcasing sobering findings exploring the consequences drying up the Great Salt Lake could have on Wasatch Front residents’ health and the state’s pocketbook.

Full Abstract:
If the Great Salt Lake is in peril, Utah is in peril. Great Salt Lake water levels are on a long-term decline – due to decades of upstream water diversions and climate change-driven aridification in the basin – exposing a vast expanse of dry lakebed that contains a number of toxic components. This creates a looming public health and economic crisis for residents of Northern Utah and the Wasatch Front. What are the financial and public health impacts to the millions of Utahns living adjacent to the Lake if we fail to deliver enough water to address current lakebed exposure issues and prevent continuing decline? In this session we will explore findings from a year of research that has culminated in a revelatory new report showcasing sobering findings concerning the consequences that drying up the Great Salt Lake could have on the health of Wasatch Front residents and the costly mitigation measures that could be required to suppress dust if Utah doesn’t succeed in raising Lake levels. We will present findings from what is, to our knowledge, the largest and most comprehensive review of the medical science of public health impacts from Great Salt Lake lakebed exposure. We will summarize what hundreds of papers show are the many and serious health implications associated with exposure to lakebed dust, discuss the possible presence of overlooked toxins in Great Salt Lake dust and their likely impact, and compare this emerging health emergency to that of other desiccated lakes around the world. In an analysis of efforts to deliver water to the Great Salt Lake, we will explore how effective Utah has been in meeting targets to deliver an additional 500,000 to 1 million acre feet of wet water each year to the Lake – the amounts needed to raise the Lake to a minimum healthy level and prevent catastrophic dust storms. Finally, we will examine whether we are headed toward a future of mitigation, like Owens Lake, and provide an updated and more detailed estimate of the costs associated with keeping dust from a desiccated Great Salt Lake on the ground.

Healthy ecosystems intrinsically reduce eutrophication, ameliorate pollution, sequester water and provide access to biodiversity with all of it's benefits. A binary outlook of what defines nature has limited restoration to untrammeled locations, a stark contrast to where such efforts will have the most benefits.

The speaker will make the case for the creation of a new industry to largely replace the landscaping industry: urban native restoration. in turn, the speaker will define the benefits restoration can provide in an urban setting, and some insight into how to affect this change.

Fish are routinely monitored for tissue contaminants that pose health risks to the public. We synthesized 25 years of fish tissue monitoring data from the Great Salt Lake Watershed to support risk assessments for public health and direct State monitoring resources toward high-risk waterbodies, contaminants, and fish species within Utah.

Full Abstract:
Fish accumulate contaminants from water, sediments, and their diet that can pose health risks to those who consume them. Recognizing this risk, the Utah Department of Natural Resources and Utah Department of Environmental Quality collaborate to routinely sample fish and analyze their tissue for a range of contaminants. We synthesized 25 years of fish tissue monitoring data from the Great Salt Lake Watershed to identify trends in contaminant concentrations over time, highlighting specific fish species, waterbodies, and regions of concern. A local case study on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Utah Lake is discussed to demonstrate how the State utilizes fish tissue monitoring data to communicate health risks to the public and inform response plans aimed at reducing contaminant exposure. Our findings not only support risk assessments for public health and environmental safety, but also direct State monitoring resources toward high-risk waterbodies, contaminants, and fish species within Utah.

Dust blowing from dry lakebeds annually darkens the snowpack of the Great Salt Lake Basin. The darkened snow absorbs more sunlight, resulting in earlier snowmelt. Here, we have used a combination of fieldwork, satellite observations, and modeling to quantify the impact of dust snowmelt, in hopes of improving water supply forecasts in the region.

Full Abstract:
Seasonal snow in the Great Salt Lake Basin (GSLB) provides critical water resources for human infrastructure and local ecosystems alike. The GSLB snowpack has a first order influence on water availability to 2.7 million Utahns and provides the main surface inflows to the Great Salt Lake. Snowmelt rates are primarily controlled by snow albedo, which is impacted by surface darkening from light absorbing particles (LAPs). In the Wasatch Mountains, the primary LAP constituent is dust originating from dry lakebeds across the eastern Great Basin. Dust accelerates snowmelt, adding uncertainty to streamflow forecasts. Despite this, the impact of dust on snowmelt timing is not well known in the GSLB and is not directly accounted for in operational models. Here we present three years of research targeted at quantifying the spatial and temporal distribution of dust on snow and its impacts on snowmelt rates and timing across the GSLB. Our work includes a time series of point-based field observations, analysis of 23 years of satellite remote sensing retrievals, and basin distributed process-based snowmelt modeling. Results reveal that dust impacts snowmelt annually, but with high variability year-to-year, and with no strong temporal trends in the last two decades. The annual impact of dust on snowmelt was quantified over two distinctly different water years (2022 and 2023) by running two model implementations with different albedo representations: 1) A standard time decay relationship representing clean snow albedo evolution, and 2) daily remotely sensed observed snow albedo from MODIS. Differences between model runs, evaluated by melt rates, surface water inputs, and snow depletion timing, reflect the influence of snow darkening on snowmelt across the basin. This approach has allowed us to parse out physical drivers of snowmelt and is the first study to quantify snowmelt acceleration due to dust over the GSLB.

Learn how Utah’s Hogle Zoo has leveraged their position in the community to grow local conservation programs, support research, connect Zoo guests to conservation actions, and protect and restore parts of our watershed. As they aim to expand their conservation work, learn how you can join them and how they may be able to support your work.

Full Abstract:
Utah’s Hogle Zoo has supported conservation efforts around the world for decades. However, we also recognize that conservation is not just an “over there” issue and that there is meaningful conservation work to be done everywhere, including right here in Utah and the Salt Lake Valley. In looking at conservation needs around us, we have recognized our watersheds as areas of need and opportunity. We also recognized our unique position, as an organization with 1 million guests annually, to engage our community in our conservation work. In 2014, we started our western toad community science program which continues to this day. Western toads are native to Utah and found in high elevation wetlands. Their population numbers have declined throughout their range over the last 20 years, primarily through habitat loss and the fungal disease, chytrid. In Utah, small populations of toads are located large distances from each other, often in hard to access wetlands. Alongside our partners, our program utilizes community scientists guided by zoo biologists to gather as much data as we can about this elusive amphibian. This includes monitoring populations, tracking water quality, restoring habitats, and protecting critical wetlands. This project allows us to conduct more surveys with more eyes on the ground while building trust and increasing transparency between the public and governmental agencies and their management of our watersheds. Further expansion of our local conservation work identified the Jordan River as an area of importance to both our community and our local wildlife. This river connects Utah Lake to the Great Salt Lake wetlands, carving a path through the Salt Lake Valley. Though the local community loves the river, it has seen pressure from human development and is in need of restoration. In partnership with the Jordan River Commission, we started our Jordan River Conservation and Restoration program in 2018. Through this program, we connect our community to this vital resource through volunteer events ranging from creation of pollinator gardens to floating cleanups. In addition to our volunteer events, we have also run a wildlife camera project along the river since 2020 as part of the larger Wasatch Wildlife Watch project. Using non-invasive trail cameras, we are able to observe the wildlife that relies on this river to better understand what is using it and how. Through this presentation you will learn how Utah’s Hogle Zoo has leveraged our position in our community to grow our local conservation programs and partnerships, support important research, connect our guests to conservation actions, and protect and restore parts of our watershed. As we continually aim to grow and expand our conservation work, learn how you can join us and how we may be able to support your work.

The Water Conservation Toolbox was developed to provide municipalities and local governments with essential strategies to optimize water conservation. It includes customizable ordinances, rate structures, and landscape incentive programs focused on water conservation, tailored to meet the conservation goals of different community types.

Full Abstract:
The Great Salt Lake Advisory Council, in collaboration with SWCA Environmental Consultants, has developed a comprehensive Water Conservation Toolbox. This toolbox is informed by lessons learned and the specific challenges faced by Utah’s municipalities. It provides practical guidance for setting water prices, including insights into price elasticity and stakeholder engagement. Additionally, it includes model ordinances aimed at reducing outdoor water use and enhancing indoor efficiency. The toolbox also features landscape incentive programs to encourage water-conserving landscaping. Its primary goal is to equip municipalities and local governments with the necessary information and strategies to optimize their water conservation efforts.

In the Western US, irrigation companies play a key role in water conservation, navigating diverse challenges and strategies. Interviews with 18 companies in the Great Salt Lake Basin reveal varied conservation practices and highlight themes like motivations, techniques, and barriers. These insights can support effective water management policies.

Full Abstract:
In the Western US, water conservation efforts are currently top of mind and a rising priority for many individuals and entities. Irrigation companies are an example of an entity whose priorities are focusing on water conservation. Irrigation companies are on-the-ground, day-to-day water managers that are faced with decisions and challenges when it comes to water conservation. There is empirical evidence that emphasizes the importance of multi-scalar, multi-dimensional water conservation efforts. The wide array of efforts and practices related to water conservation are all important when looking at the big picture of conservation. Therefore, viewing a diverse set of conservation efforts to be available to irrigation companies can allow for individuals and entities of all sizes and capacities to participate in conservation efforts in accessible ways. Therefore, the steps and efforts that entities like irrigation companies are able to take toward conservation are critical within the larger picture of water conservation. In the Great Salt Lake Basin, 18 irrigation companies participated in semi-structured interviews where topics around water conservation efforts were discussed. Within the realm of irrigation companies, water conservation efforts look quite different even within the same basin. Examples of some of these efforts include reducing general water usage, work towards making more efficient systems, and participation in water leasing and banking. Conservation themes that arose in the qualitative analysis of the interviews include conservation motivations, conservation decisions, and specific conservation techniques and applications of these irrigation companies. Discussions of the enabling and constraining factors around conservation such as funding and collaborative relationships also arose. These enabling and constraining factors give insights into how to better support the work of these companies at larger policy levels. The themes and findings here are being shared not as a way to dictate what other irrigation companies should be doing, but rather what other irrigation companies could be doing in terms of water conservation. These insights also recognize the work and efforts that these companies are currently participating in and highlight how water conservation is an important component to these irrigation companies. In order to build off these qualitative findings, future efforts of this project will potentially include a paired survey of irrigation companies in the basin to capture more generalizable, quantifiable perspectives. Co-Author: Courtney Flint, Professor, Utah State University, https://courtneyflint.wordpress.com

Exploring challenges and gaps with implementing conservation and protection best practices for sensitive lands around Great Salt Lake and the Jordan River. A critical and often overlooked component of a healthy watershed.

Full Abstract:
While communities are putting greater focus on increasing density and redeveloping urban spaces, critical natural lands and agricultural areas at the edges of our cities continue to be a target for new development. But at what cost? Many city general plans include general guiding principles and goals oriented toward preservation of critical lands, but the tools to actualize these goals often lag far behind development pressures. Our decentralized local land use policies can be a patchwork of strengths and weaknesses, and on a regional issues like preserving sensitive lands around Great Salt Lake, how do you coordinate efforts for the best outcomes. Salt Lake City and Salt Lake County offer a useful and ongoing case study. Both have adopted plans with aspirations to “expand natural lands and watershed protection,” and specific goals to “over the next 25 years, …protect and restore critical wildlife habitat, sensitive natural lands, and open space.” There have been some important wins: setting aside a natural buffer area between the Inland Port in Salt Lake City and wetlands of Great Salt Lake, establishing the Legacy Nature Preserve along the northern extent of the Jordan River in North Salt Lake, and other significant greenways and riparian restoration projects across the Jordan River. But is the rate of suburban, light industrial development outpacing conservation of remaining critical natural areas, particularly integral upland areas that are part of the Great Salt Lake Shorelands ecosystem? Have we done enough? This presentation explores some of the gaps and challenges reconciling broad preservation and restoration goals associated with general plans, and the deficit of codified land use tools encoded in local laws and ordinances. With a very decentralized local government land use structures, lack of coordinated regional frameworks and cooperation around sensitive lands, and often conflicting development pressures, real estate development is often outpacing preservation and restoration of critical lands adjacent to our waterways and Great Salt Lake, putting the capacity for improving water quality, conserving water, sustaining habitat resources of migratory pathways to Global Important Bird Areas and other wildlife at high risk. We present the need for establishing a Shoreline Heritage Area around Great Salt Lake and coordinated efforts to protect and conserve riparian and other natural lands around the Jordan River and Great Salt Lake for both human and wildlife welfare. We’ll present brief case studies with some hits and missed opportunities, as we continue ways to increase coordination and cooperation around our shared conservation efforts.

This panel presentation will explore how stakeholders are working together to safeguard the watershed, wildlife habitat, and ecosystems in the Wasatch Mountains from the threat of wildfires. Interagency panelists will present collaborative programs designed to reduce wildfire hazards through targeted fuel treatments in high-risk areas.

Full Abstract:
The Wasatch Mountains, an iconic landscape beloved for recreation and home to diverse ecosystems, face increasing wildfire risks. In response, several entities, including Save Our Canyons, Salt Lake City Public Utilities, the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, and the United States Forest Service, are collaborating on wildfire mitigation strategies through Utah's Watershed Restoration Initiative in the Wasatch Mountains. This panel will explore how these stakeholders are working together to safeguard the watershed, wildlife habitat, and recreational areas from the growing threat of wildfires. Panelists will present collaborative programs designed to reduce wildfire hazards through targeted fuel treatments in high-risk areas, protecting both natural and human communities. Key learning objectives of this presentation include building trust among community leaders and residents by enhancing public engagement, communicating critical project milestones, and improving the transparency of fuel treatment efforts. Attendees will learn how these collaborative efforts prioritize effective, sustainable fuel management strategies while considering community input. Panelists will provide detailed insights on how treatment areas are expected to look before, during, and after fuel treatments, managing expectations and ensuring that the public understands the necessity and benefits of these actions. The panel will also highlight the importance of gaining broad support for additional funding and programs from land managers, policymakers, and the public. By discussing methodologies used to prioritize fuel treatment projects in the canyon, panelists will demonstrate how data-driven decisions are being applied to reduce wildfire risks in critical zones, balancing both conservation and public safety. Attendees will leave with a deeper understanding of how cross-agency partnerships can effectively address fire hazards in the Wasatch Mountains and the critical role that community engagement plays in sustaining wildfire mitigation efforts. Through collaborative fire mitigation strategies, we can protect the Central Wasatch’s unique landscapes and the communities that depend on them. Learning Objectives: Build Trust Through Public Engagement: Improve community support for wildfire mitigation efforts by fostering ongoing dialogue, communicating critical project milestones, and enhancing the transparency of fire mitigation efforts. Public Awareness of Fuel Treatments: Ensure that the recreating public is informed about fuel treatment timing and scope in popular recreational areas and trailheads. Manage Public Expectations: Communicate what to expect before, during, and after fuel treatment implementation to gain public understanding and support. Build Support for Funding: Garner community and legislative backing for continued and expanded fire mitigation funding. Prioritization of Projects: Share methodologies used to prioritize fuel treatment projects in high-risk areas, ensuring that resources are used effectively to mitigate wildfire threats. By working together, these agencies are making strides in mitigating wildfire risks while maintaining the integrity and natural beauty of the Wasatch Mountains for generations to come.

The Jordan River Commission presents UPRIVER, a ‘watershed film’ that explores one of the Nation’s most active river conservation movements. Within Oregon’s Willamette River system, the film focuses on people from all walks of life who are coming together to revive the health of this large river and the life it supports.

For more information, please visit https://www.freshwatersillustrated.org/upriver.